Two separated rows distinguish a TCP peer kernel that can return ACK from a peer application that may stay silent. The footer calls for an application wait deadline in addition to probing TCP.

TCP keepalive probes idle connections

TCP keepalive asks whether the other TCP endpoint still responds after a quiet period. It does not ask whether an HTTP handler, database query, or worker is making progress. A peer’s kernel can acknowledge traffic while its application is stalled. Treat transport reachability and useful application responses as different observations. ...

October 5, 2027 · 5 min · XB Field Notes