Three model runs feed complete-history compaction: a newer b deletion masks b old; with no retained snapshots, the output contains the newer a and c. Values 1,2,3 abbreviate one,two,three.

LSM trees trade foreground writes for later merging

An LSM tree moves work from scattered updates toward buffered writes and later merging. That is a design trade, not a promise that every disk operation becomes sequential or that random writes always beat a B-tree. The useful question is whether foreground writes, background compaction, reads, and retained versions fit the same resource budget. ...

November 2, 2027 · 5 min · XB Field Notes